Introduction:

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. In India, this chronic inflammatory disorder is prevalent among both children and adults. In this article, we will delve into the signs and symptoms of eczema, its classification, causes and triggers, risk factors, various types of eczema, diagnostic tests, treatment options, complications, prevention techniques, and highlight a few public figures in India who have been diagnosed with eczema.

Signs and Symptoms:

Eczema is characterized by several signs and symptoms, which may vary from person to person. The most common symptoms include:

• Itchy skin: Eczema causes intense itching, leading to scratching, which can further exacerbate the condition.
• Redness: Affected areas of the skin may appear red or inflamed.
• Dryness: The skin may become dry, flaky, and rough.
• Rash: Eczema often presents as a rash, which can be patchy or appear as raised bumps.
• Swelling: In some cases, the affected skin may swell, especially if it has been scratched excessively.
• Crusting and oozing: Eczema can cause the skin to develop crusts or discharge clear fluid when scratched.

What is Eczema? :

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that occurs due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is often associated with other allergic conditions, such as asthma and hay fever. The condition is characterized by periods of flare-ups and remissions, and the severity can vary from mild to severe.

How is Eczema Classified? :

Eczema can be classified into different types based on its appearance and underlying causes. The main classifications include:

• Atopic dermatitis: This is the most common type of eczema, often associated with a family history of allergies and asthma. It typically begins in infancy and may persist into adulthood.
• Contact dermatitis: This type of eczema occurs when the skin comes into contact with irritants or allergens. It can be further classified into irritant contact dermatitis (caused by substances like detergents, solvents, or acids) and allergic contact dermatitis (caused by specific allergens, such as nickel or fragrances).
• Nummular eczema: This type of eczema is characterized by round, coin-shaped patches of irritated skin. It often occurs in adults and is linked to dry skin and environmental factors.
• Seborrheic dermatitis: This form of eczema affects areas with high oil production, such as the scalp, face, and chest. It can cause flaky, red patches, and is commonly known as dandruff or cradle cap in infants.
• Dyshidrotic eczema: This type of eczema primarily affects the hands and feet, leading to small, itchy blisters.
• Stasis dermatitis: Stasis dermatitis occurs in the lower legs due to poor blood circulation, often associated with varicose veins.

Causes and Triggers:

The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some common triggers that can cause or exacerbate eczema symptoms include:

• Allergens: Common allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and certain foods can trigger eczema flare-ups.
• Irritants: Substances like soaps, detergents, harsh chemicals, and fragrances can irritate the skin and worsen eczema symptoms.
• Dry skin: Dryness can compromise the skin’s barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritants and allergens.
• Stress: Emotional stress and anxiety can trigger or worsen eczema symptoms in some individuals.
• Climate: Extreme temperatures, high humidity, or low humidity can aggravate eczema.
• Microorganisms: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause or exacerbate eczema symptoms.

Risk Factors:

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing eczema. While anyone can develop the condition, these factors may play a significant role:

• Family history: Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies have a higher risk of developing eczema themselves.
• Personal history: People who have a personal history of asthma or hay fever are more likely to develop eczema.
• Environmental factors: Living in urban areas with high pollution levels, exposure to secondhand smoke, and harsh weather conditions can increase the risk of eczema.
• Occupational exposure: Certain occupations that involve frequent exposure to irritants, such as hairdressers or healthcare workers, may have an increased risk of developing eczema.

Types of Eczema:

1. Atopic Dermatitis:

Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema in India.

It often starts in childhood, with symptoms improving as the child grows older. However, it can persist into adulthood.

The main symptom is intense itching, which can lead to skin damage due to scratching.

It commonly affects the face, neck, elbows, knees, and the skin folds behind the knees and elbows.

2. Contact Dermatitis:

Contact dermatitis is commonly seen in India due to exposure to irritants and allergens in various occupations and daily life.

Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with substances that damage or irritate the skin.

Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin develops an allergic reaction to a specific substance.

Common examples of irritants and allergens include detergents, solvents, soaps, cosmetics, certain metals (nickel), and plants like poison ivy.

3. Nummular Eczema:

Nummular eczema is more prevalent in dry regions of India, especially during the winter season.

It is characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin that can be intensely itchy.

Environmental factors, dry skin, and stress can trigger or worsen nummular eczema.

Proper moisturization and avoiding triggers are essential for managing this type of eczema.

4. Seborrheic Dermatitis:

Seborrheic dermatitis commonly affects the scalp, face, and chest.

It is characterized by greasy, scaly patches or dandruff on the scalp, redness, and itching.

Hormonal changes, stress, and fungal overgrowth (specifically Malassezia) contribute to seborrheic dermatitis.

Medicated shampoos, topical antifungal creams, and lifestyle changes can help control symptoms.

5. Dyshidrotic Eczema:

Dyshidrotic eczema, also known as pompholyx, affects the hands and feet.

It causes itchy blisters, which may be accompanied by redness, scaling, and cracks in the skin.

The exact cause is unknown, but factors like stress, allergies, or exposure to irritants may trigger it.

Avoiding triggers, keeping the skin moisturized, and using prescribed medications are essential for managing dyshidrotic eczema.

Eczema is a common skin condition that affects many people in India. Marengo Asia Hospitals, spread across the country, is well-equipped to provide effective care for patients with eczema. With their expertise and personalized approach, they aim to help individuals find relief from the symptoms and manage the condition. 

Understanding Eczema:

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and dry patches on the skin. It can affect people of all ages, from babies to adults. Eczema is not contagious, meaning it cannot be passed from person to person like a cold or flu.

How Marengo Asia Hospitals Can Help:

• Expert Diagnosis and Evaluation: The doctors at Marengo Asia Hospitals are experts in diagnosing and evaluating eczema. They will carefully examine your skin, ask about your symptoms and medical history, and may perform tests if necessary. Their goal is to determine the type and severity of your eczema to develop the most suitable treatment plan.
• Personalized Treatment Plans: Eczema can vary from person to person, so Marengo Asia Hospitals creates personalized treatment plans tailored to your specific needs. They will consider factors like the severity of your symptoms, your age, and any other health conditions you may have. The treatment plan may include medications, skincare recommendations, and lifestyle modifications.
• Medications to Manage Symptoms: To help relieve the itching, inflammation, and discomfort caused by eczema, the doctors may prescribe medications. These can be in the form of creams or ointments that you apply directly to your skin. The medications help reduce inflammation, moisturize the skin, and relieve itching.
• Skincare Recommendations: Proper skincare is crucial for managing eczema. Marengo Asia Hospitals healthcare professionals will provide you with skincare recommendations to keep your skin healthy and hydrated. This may include using gentle cleansers, avoiding harsh soaps or fragrances, and regularly applying moisturizers to lock in moisture and prevent dryness.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Certain factors can trigger or worsen eczema flare-ups. The healthcare professionals at Marengo Asia Hospitals will guide you on identifying and avoiding these triggers. They may suggest lifestyle modifications such as wearing soft, breathable fabrics, maintaining a comfortable room temperature, and avoiding excessive sweating.
• Education and Support: Understanding your condition is essential for managing eczema effectively. Marengo Asia Hospitals offers education and support to help you learn more about eczema and how to care for your skin. They may provide educational resources, connect you with support groups, or offer counseling services to address any emotional challenges associated with the condition.
• Follow-up Care: Managing eczema is an ongoing process, and Marengo Asia Hospitals emphasizes the importance of follow-up care. They will schedule regular appointments to monitor your progress, adjust the treatment plan if needed, and address any concerns or questions you may have.

Living with eczema can be challenging, but Marengo Asia Hospitals across India is committed to providing effective care and support to individuals dealing with this condition. Through accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, patient education, and comprehensive care, they help manage symptoms, reduce inflammation, and improve the quality of life for eczema patients. With their expertise in dermatology and a patient-centered approach, the network aims to empower individuals with eczema to lead fulfilling lives while effectively managing their skin health.